法律法規/其他/中國國際貿易促進委員會共同海損理算暫行規則(附英文)
【標題】：中國國際貿易促進委員會共同海損理算暫行規則(附英文)
【頒佈方】：中國貿促會
【頒佈日期】：19750101
【實施日期】：19750101
【類別】：其他
【內容】：共際貿會海附進同損會國附中員行英委會規共進員行進理中【章名】 全文
為了在平等互利的基礎上，正確地進行共同海損理算，以增強各國人民的友好關係，促進國際貿易與海洋運輸的發展，中國國際貿易促進委員會制定本暫行規則，並設立海損理算處。
【章名】 第一條 共同海損的範圍
在海上運輸中，船舶和貨物等遭遇自然災害、意外事故或其他特殊情況，為了解除共同危險，採取合理措施所引起的下列特殊損失和合理的額外費用，屬於共同海損：
一、為了搶救船舶和貨物等而造成的船、貨等合理損失。
二、船舶駛入避難港的額外費用，在避難港額外停留期間的港口費用，以及事後載有原貨物駛出的額外費用。
三、船舶由於駛往避難港而延長航程和在避難港額外停留期間支付的船員工資和給養，以及消耗的燃料和物料的費用。
四、救助費用、搶卸和重裝貨物等的費用以及其他額外費用。
由於本航程中的意外事故，為了安全地完成航程必須修理時，船舶在修理港合理停留期間必須支付的港口費用、船員工資和給養、消耗的燃料和物料費用，以及由於修理而卸載、重裝和移動船上貨物等所引起的費用和損失，在當前情況下可列入共同海損。為了節省原應列入共同海損的費用而支付的費用，可以作為代替費用列入共同海損，這些費用，除經船、貨雙方同意的以外，不得超過被節省的費用。
除以上三款所列的損失和費用外，其他一切間接損失，包括由於遲延所引起的一切損失和費用，都不屬於共同海損。
【章名】 第二條 共同海損理算的原則
進行共同海損理算的原則是：在調查研究的基礎上，明確責任，實事求是、公平合理地處理各項損失和費用的補償和分攤。提出共同海損理算要求的一方和其他有關各方，有舉證的責任，證明其提出的損失或費用根據本規則的規定可列入共同海損。對作為共同海損提出理算的案件，如果構成案件的事故確系運輸契約一方不能免責的過失所引起，則不進行共同海損理算，但可根據具體情況，通過協商另作適當處理。
【章名】 第三條 共同海損損失金額的計算
船舶、貨物和運費的共同海損損失金額，按照下列標準計算：
一、船舶的損失金額，按照損失部分實際支付的合理修理費用（包括臨時性修理費用、合理扣減後的換新費用）計算。如果船舶損失部分尚未進行修理，則按必要修理的合理估計費用計算。燃料、物料等損失按實際價值計算。
二、貨物的損失金額，按照損失部分的到岸價格，減除由於損失無需支付的運費。如果遭受損失的殘貨已經出售，而受損程度無法確定，則按該貨物的到岸價格與出售淨得金額之間的差額計算。
三、運費的損失，按照貨物遭受損失而引起的運費損失金額，減除由於損失無需支付的營運費用計算。
【章名】 第四條 共同海損的分攤
共同海損的損失和費用，由各受益方根據各自的分攤價值比例分攤。
分攤價值按照下列標準計算：
一、船舶分攤價值，按照船舶在航程終止時的當地完好價值減除不屬於共同海損的損失金額計算；或按照船舶在航程終止時的當地實際價值加上共同海損的損失金額計算。
二、貨物分攤價值，按照貨物的到岸價格，減除不屬於共同海損的損失金額和承運人承擔風險的運費計算。
未經申報的貨物或謊報的貨物，應按實際價值參加分攤；如果這些貨物遭受損失，不得列入共同海損。旅客行李和個人物品，除特殊情況外，不參加共同海損分攤。
三、運費分攤價值，按照承運人承擔風險並於事後收得的運費，根據共同海損事故發生時尚未完成的航程，作相應比例的扣減，加上列入共同海損的運費損失金額計算。
【章名】 第五條 利息和手續費
對共同海損的損失和費用，給予年利百分之七的利息。利息計算至共同海損理算書編就之日為止。
對墊付的共同海損費用，除船員工資、給養、燃料、物料外，給予百分之二的手續費。
【章名】 第六條 共同海損擔保
為了保證分攤共同海損，經有關方的要求，各分攤方應提供共同海損擔保。共同海損擔保，可以提供可靠的擔保函，也可以提供保證金。如果提供保證金，除各有關方另有協定者外，應交由理算處以保管人的名義存入銀行。保證金的使用，由理算處決定。保證金的提供、使用或退還，不影響各分攤方的最終分攤責任。
【章名】 第七條 共同海損時限
為了維護各有關方的利益，儘快完成共同海損案件的理算，各有關方在共同海損事故發生後應及時辦理必要的事項，並按照下列期限宣佈共同海損和向理算處提供有關材料：
一、宣佈共同海損：船舶在海上發生事故，不遲於到達第一個港口後的四十八小時；船舶在港內發生事故，不遲於事故發生後的四十八小時。
二、提供有關材料：有關共同海損事故和損失的證明材料，在有關方收到後一個月以內，但全部材料不遲於航程結束後一年。
如有特殊情況，在上述期限內向理算處提出理由，經理算處同意，可以適當延長。
如果有關方不按上述規定辦理，理算處可以根據情況，不予理算；或根據已有材料進行理算。
【章名】 第八條 共同海損理算的簡化
為了減輕各有關方的負擔，提高工作效率，共同海損理算應儘量簡化，避免繁瑣的手續和計算；理算書應力求簡明扼要，便於執行。
對於案情簡單的案件，可以作簡易理算。
對於共同海損金額較小的案件，經征得主要有關方的同意，可以不進行理算。
【名稱】 INTERIM RULES FOR GENERAL AVERAGE ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHINA COUNCIL FPROMOTION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE (KNOWN AS BEIJING RULES FORADJUSTMENT, FOR SHORT)
【題注】
【章名】 Important Notice: (注意事項)
英文本源自中華人民共和國務院法制局編譯, 中國法制出版社出版的《中華人民
共和國涉外法規彙編》(1991年7月版).
當發生歧意時, 應以法律法規頒佈單位發佈的中文原文為准.
This English document is coming from the `LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE`S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS` (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People`s Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.In case of discrepancy, the original version
in Chinese shall prevail.
【章名】 Whole Document (法規全文)
INTERIM RULES FOR GENERAL AVERAGE ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHINA COUNCIL FOR THE
PROMOTION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE KNOWN AS BEIJING RULES FOR
ADJUSTMENT, FOR SHORT
（Promulgated on January 1, 1975)
With a view to dealing properly with general average adjustment on the
basis of equality and mutual benefit so as to enhance friendly relations
among peoples of different countries and promote the development of
international trade and marine transport, the China Council for the
Promotion of International Trade has formulated the present Interim Rules
and set up the Department for Average Adjustment.
【章名】 Article 1 Scope of general average.
The following extraordinary loss of damage and reasonable extra expenses
arising from measures properly taken for relieving a ship, cargo, etc.
from common danger caused by natural calamities, accidents and/or other
extraordinary circumstances in marine transport shall fall within the
scope of general average:
1. loss of damage reasonably caused to the ship, cargo, etc. for rescuing
the same from danger;
2. extra expenses incurred by the ship for entering a port of refuge, port
charges incurred during the extra period of the ship`s staying in a port
of refuge and extra expenses for the ship`s leaving the port of refuge
subsequently with her original cargo;
3. crew`s wages and maintenance incurred as well as fuel and stores
consumed during the prolongation of the voyage occasioned by the ship
proceeding to a port of refuge and during the extra period of the ship`s
stay in a port of refuge;
4. salvage expenses, expenses for forced discharge and reloading of the
cargo, etc. and other extra expenses.
Where the ship needs repairs for the safe completion of the voyage in
consequence of damage caused by an accident during the voyage, the port
charges, crew`s wages and maintenance and fuel and stores necessarily
incurred or consumed during the reasonable period of detention of the ship
in the port of repair, as well as the expenses and loss or damage arising
from such discharging, reloading and handling on board of the cargo, etc.
as are required for the repairs, may under the present circumstances be
admitted as general average.
Where any expense is incurred to save another expense which would have
been admissible in general average, such expense may be allowed in general
average as a substituted expenses. Unless otherwise agreed upon by and
between the ship and cargo interests, the amount so allowable shall not
exceed the amount of the expense saved. With the exception of loss or
damage and expenses referred to in the above three paragraphs, any other
indirect loss, including loss or damage and expenses through delay, shall
not fall within the scope of general average.
【章名】 Article 2 Principle of adjusting general average.
The principle of general average adjustment is the ascertainment of
liability on the basis of investigation and study and dealing with the
compensation for and contribution to various losses and expenses fairly,
reasonably and in a truth-seeking way.
The onus of proof shall be upon the party applying for general average
adjustment as well as the other parties concerned to show that their
respective loss or damage and expenses claimed for are allowable as
general average according to the provisions of the Rules.
If the event giving rise to a claim submitted for adjustment as general
average is due to a fault of one of the parties to the contract of
affreightment, for which he is not entitled to exemption from liability,
no general average adjustment shall be proceeded with, but the case may be
otherwise appropriately dealt with through consultation according to the
circumstances involved.
【章名】 Article 3 Computation of amount of general average loss or damage.
The amount to be admitted as general average for loss or damage to the
ship, cargo and freight shall be computed on the following basis:
1. The amount allowable for loss or damage to the ship shall be computed
in accordance with the actual reasonable cost of repairing such damage,
including cost of temporary repairs and of replacements subject to
reasonable deductions in respect of `wear and tear` Where no repairs have
been effected, computation shall be made in accordance with the reasonably
estimated cost of necessary repairs. The amount allowable for loss of or
damage to fuel and stores, etc. shall be computed on the basis of their
actual values.
2. The amount allowable for loss of or damage to the cargo shall be
computed on the basis of the CIF value, less the freight which would have
been incurred but for such loss or damage. Where the cargo so damaged is
sold and it is impossible to ascertain the extent of the damage, the
amount shall be computed on the basis of the difference between the CIF
value and the net proceeds of sale.
3. The amount allowable for loss of freight shall be computed on the basis
of the freight lost owing to the loss of, or damage to, the cargo, less
the operating costs of the ship, which would have been incurred but for
such loss of damage.
【章名】 Article 4 Contribution to general average.
General average loss or damage and expenses shall be contributed to by the
benefited interests in proportion to their respective contributory values.
The contributory value shall be computed on the following basis:
1. The contributory value of the ship shall be computed either in
accordance with the value of the ship in sound condition at the time and
place of the termination of the voyage, less the amount of loss or damage
not allowable in general average, or in accordance with the actual net
value of the ship at the time and place of the termination of the voyage,
plus the amount allowable in general average.
2. The contributory value of the cargo shall be computed on the basis of
the CIF values, less the amount of loss or damage not allowable in general
average and the freight at the risk of the carrier.
Undeclared or falsely declared cargo shall contribute on the actual value,
but loss of or damage to such cargo, if any, shall not be admitted as
general average. Passengers` luggage and personal effects shall not
contribute to general average except under extraordinary circumstances.
3. The contributory value of the freight shall be computed on the basis of
the freight at the risk of the carrier and subsequently earned, subject to
a deduction corresponding to the extent of the voyage still uncompleted at
the time of the accident giving rise to general average, plus the amount
of loss of freight allowable in general average.
【章名】 Article 5 Interest and commission.
Interest shall be allowed on general average loss or damage and expenses
at the rate of 7% per annum until the date of the completion of the
general average adjustment.
A commission of 2% shall be allowed on general average expenses other than
crew`s wages and maintenance and fuel and stores.
【章名】 Article 6 General average security.
The contributing parties shall, at the request of the parties concerned,
provide a security to ensure the contribution to general average. Such
security may be in the form of a reliable letter of guarantee or a cash
deposit. Where a cash deposit is provided, the same shall be paid into an
account in a bank in the name of the Department for Average Adjustment
unless otherwise agreed upon by and between the parties concerned. Any use
of the cash deposit shall be decided by the Department for Average
Adjustment. The provision, use and refund of the cash deposit shall be
without prejudice to the ultimate liability of the contributing parties.
【章名】 Article 7 Time limit of general average.
For the purpose of safeguarding the interests of all parties concerned and
completing the adjustment of general average as promptly as possible, all
parties shall, upon the occurrence of the accident giving rise to general
average, do everything necessary in time and declare general average and
provide the Department for Average Adjustment with relevant materials
within the following time limits:
1. Declaration of General Average
Within 48 hours upon the ship`s arrival in the first port after the
accident, if it has occurred at sea, or within 48 hours after the
accident, if it has occurred in a port.
2. Provision of relevant materials For documentary evidence pertaining to
the occurrence of general average and general average loss or damage,
within one month after receipt thereof by the claiming party, but all
materials shall in any case be provided within one year of the completion
of the voyage.
In case of extraordinary circumstances the above time limits may be
appropriately extended, provided a reason for extension has been given
within the respective time limits to the Department for Average Adjustment
and its approval obtained. In case of failure to observe the above
stipulations on the part of any of the parties concerned, the Department
for Average Adjustment may either decline to proceed with adjustment or
adjust the case on the basis of the materials in its possession.
【章名】 Article 8 Simplification of adjustment of general average.
With a view to lightening the burden of all parties concerned and
improving working efficiency, the adjustment of general average shall be
made as simple as possible; unduly complicated procedures and calculations
shall be avoided; adjustment shall be made as clear and concise as
possible and easy to execute.Summary adjustment may be applied in simple
cases.For cases in which the amount involved is small, adjustment may
bedispensed with if consent has been obtained from the principal parties
concerned.
【時效】：
【序號】：1997